A Survey on Biomedical Antenna Technologies for Wireless Healthcare Systems

Abstract

Biomedical antennas have evolved from early RF heating applications to modern wearable, implantable, and 5G-enabled healthcare technologies. Significant advancements in Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) reduction, bandwidth expansion, and wireless power transfer continue to enhance medical diagnostics and treatment methods. In recent years, wearable and flexible antennas have gained popularity due to their lightweight, compact, and cost-effective designs. These antennas are well-suited for biomedical applications, as they conform to the human body, enabling comfortable and efficient wireless communication for health monitoring. When designing biomedical antennas, it is crucial to consider their interaction with the human body. The body not only influences the antenna’s performance but can also be affected by electromagnetic exposure. Addressing these factors early helps prevent performance issues and potential risks, ensuring reliable functionality in medical applications. This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of biomedical antenna applications in healthcare while highlighting the latest advancements in medical technology.

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